TL;DR: Pbuilder-related tools are ineffective and redundant. By installing sbuild and schroot, one can set up clean and reusable chroot environments quickly and use the sole sbuild command to build Debian source packages (using src tree or .dsc files).
Fade away please pbuilder/cowbuilder; long live sbuild!

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Quick example

Install tools and preparation

sudo apt update;
sudo apt install sbuild schroot;
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/sbuild/chroots; # the last component is made by us
sudo chown sbuild:sbuild /var/lib/sbuild/chroots;

Initialize a chroot environment using sbuild-createchroot

# Assume host machine is of x86_64 architecture, create an unstable chroot
sudo sbuild-createchroot unstable /var/lib/sbuild/chroots/unstable-amd64 \
  --alias=sid --alias=UNRELEASED http://deb.debian.org/debian;

Keep (s)chroot environment updated

sudo sbuild-update -ud unstable;

Build a Debian package using sbuild with previously created chroot environment

# If you want to drop superuser privilege, add yourself into sbuild group first.
# Other settings might be needed. See sbuild-adduser(1).
# #################################
# Option 1: have proper Debian source package
sbuild -A -v -d unstable /path/to/package.dsc
#
# Option 2: chdir into extracted source tree with .orig tarball in parent directory
sbuild -A -v -d unstable
# Option 3: integrate with git-buildpackage (gbp)
gbp buildpackage --git-builder=sbuild -A -v -d unstable
#
# Notes:
# 1. If you need source-only changes (https://wiki.debian.org/SourceOnlyUpload),
#    append "--source" to sbuild's invocation
# 2. If you want to sign your build, append "-kxxxxxxxx"
#    to your sbuild's invocation, where xxxxxxxx is you gpg keyid

How to destroy schroot environment properly

If you do not wish to use schroot and sbuild anymore, you may use the following tool to properly destroy the schroot environment:

# Destroy the chroot instance named "unstable"
sudo sbuild-destroychroot unstable
# This script actually does nothing other than providing instructions.
# You will need to follow the printed instruction and safely
# destroy the schroot instance by yourself.

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References

• sbuild(1)
• schroot(1)
• sbuild-createchroot(8)
• sbuild-adduser(8)
• sbuild-update(1)
• sbuild-destroychroot(8)

To be continued…

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Updates

• July 19, 2020: Replace httpredir.debian.org with CDN-enabled deb.debian.org.
• July 19, 2020: Add text related to sbuild-destroychroot.
• July 22, 2020: Remove “sudo” from sbuild invocation. No privilege is needed in this case.

作为一个有跨平台强迫症和被Python惯坏的业余伪程序员，我在挑选开发桌面应用的时候果断地选择了PyQt，因为它结合了Python的强大、快速开发的特点与Qt的跨平台性质。

然而常见的图形应用程序大都需要集成开发环境（IDE）以辅助开发，在挑选IDE时我着实费了一番功夫。让我们简单地列一下现在（2016年初）能够排得上名的IDE：

• PyCharm，常见的选择，据说十分强大，然而它是JetBrains公司的产品（意味着你要结合Java使用），也存在商业版，有一种不爽的感觉。
• Eclipse，没用过不做评价。但是还是Java
• Python IDLE，这东西能用？

今天我要推荐的是一款不是那么出名的软件：eric6 IDE。

继续阅读